Data records
Each statement in Interconnection Reference is recorded as a data record with its source, verification date, review status and history. The index lists 120 records by subject.
Standards
IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547-2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-1547-2.designation | The document is designated IEEE Std 1547.2-2023 and is cited as IEEE 1547.2-2023; its copyright line carries the year 2024. Value: IEEE 1547.2-2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.revision-of | IEEE 1547.2-2023 is a revision of the 2008 edition of the application guide, IEEE 1547.2-2008. Value: 2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.scope | IEEE 1547.2-2023 is an informative application guide for IEEE 1547-2018 that gives the Area EPS operator, the authority governing interconnection requirements, the DER operator, the designer and the installer the technical background, the rationale and worked examples behind the base standard; it carries no requirements of its own. Clause 1.5 limits it as the base standard is limited, to distribution-connected DER. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.frequency-trip-guidance | Clause 6.5.1.2 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 advises that the Area EPS operator coordinate the underfrequency and overfrequency trip settings with the regional reliability coordinator, since load-shedding thresholds and frequency response are not the same from one interconnection to another, and that the default settings be reviewed for each system. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.isolation-device | Clause 4.8 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 explains that an isolation device is not a universal requirement of IEEE 1547-2018: whether one is needed follows from Area EPS operating practice, occupational safety rules and the electrical codes; the usual location is the PCC, though the parties may agree on another accessible point in series with the DER; and the device need not double as a paralleling or interrupting device. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.open-phase-verification | Clause 11.3.2 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 explains that whether an open phase is detected depends on where the measurement is taken and on the interconnection transformer connection, and clause 11.3.2.3 describes commissioning practice: the test is made at the reference point of applicability, or at an agreed point from which zero-sequence continuity to the PCC is preserved, with every DER device operating, voltage, current and time captured on all three phases at once, and the phase restored while the DER stays connected. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.periodic-testing | Clause 11.5 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 describes a periodic test program that the integrator or manufacturer proposes and the AGIR or the Area EPS operator accepts, preventive or condition-based rather than run to failure, documented in an inspection and test plan that lists each test with its procedure, frequency, acceptance criteria and evidence; it cautions that acceptance values set at commissioning can be too severe for equipment in service. Clause 11.5.3 asks that changes to settings, software, hardware and configuration be submitted to the Area EPS operator before they are made. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.results-reporting | Clause 11.4 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 explains how the design evaluation uses the type test results reporting document: the utility's specified settings are compared with the evaluated range and the applied setting of the device, a requirement outside the evaluated range cannot be met by that device, an applied setting that differs from the specified setting is corrected during installation evaluation or commissioning, and a snapshot of all applied settings is kept after commissioning. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.test-and-verification | Clause 11 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 covers test and verification: example systems with their stakeholders, the gap between a type test and the installed system, open-phase detection and its commissioning verification, results reporting, periodic testing and fault current characterization. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.type-test-gap | Clause 11.3 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 explains why passing a type test does not prove an installation: a DER's power quality contribution depends on the grid it is connected to, so the design evaluation, modeling, measurements at commissioning or in service, or monitoring can each trigger field power quality tests; and an unintentional islanding method other than the balanced load test calls for field hardware together with a design evaluation and a commissioning test. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.structure.voltage-trip-guidance | Clauses 6.4.1.1 and 6.4.1.3 of IEEE 1547.2-2023 explain the mandatory voltage tripping requirements of IEEE 1547-2018: the shall-trip windows were widened in the 2018 revision so that ride-through can occur, the trip settings bound the ride-through that is actually effective since a trip overrides every other function, and the clearing times should be agreed by the Area EPS operator with the regional reliability coordinator, ideally on the basis of regional reliability studies. |
| std.ieee-1547-2.title | The front matter of IEEE 1547.2-2023 gives its full title as IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547-2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Value: IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547-2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. |
IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-1547-3.approved | The 2023 edition of IEEE 1547.3 was approved on 2023-06-05. Value: 2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.designation | The document is designated IEEE Std 1547.3-2023 and is cited as IEEE 1547.3-2023. Value: IEEE 1547.3-2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.edition-subject-change | The 2007 edition of IEEE 1547.3 was a guide for monitoring, information exchange and control of distributed resources; the 2023 revision changed subject to cybersecurity, so a reference to IEEE 1547.3 for monitoring or communication data models points at the superseded edition. Value: 2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.revision-of | IEEE 1547.3-2023 is a revision of IEEE 1547.3-2007. Value: 2023. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.scope | IEEE 1547.3-2023 gives cybersecurity guidelines for distributed energy resources of every kind interconnected at typical primary or secondary distribution voltage; because the guidance runs end to end rather than stopping at the DER interface of IEEE 1547-2018, it is written as recommendations addressed to utilities, to DER owners and operators, to aggregators, to manufacturers and to integrators. Transmission-connected systems, microgrids, electric vehicle charging and off-grid systems are outside its stated scope. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.sponsor | IEEE 1547.3-2023 was developed by the Distributed Generation, Energy Storage, and Interoperability Standards Committee and the Power System Communications and Cybersecurity Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.structure.clauses | IEEE 1547.3-2023 is organized as background on DER communications and cybersecurity in clause 4, technical recommendations in clause 5 on access control, data security, risk assessment, network engineering, security management and incident recovery, testing and commissioning recommendations for cybersecurity across the DER lifecycle in clause 6, and annexes surveying communication protocols, other DER-related standards and the key cybersecurity standards. |
| std.ieee-1547-3.title | The front matter of IEEE 1547.3-2023 gives its full title as IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems. Value: IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems. |
IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-1547-9.designation | The document is designated IEEE Std 1547.9-2022 and is cited as IEEE 1547.9-2022. Value: IEEE 1547.9-2022. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.scope | IEEE 1547.9-2022 explains the application of IEEE 1547-2018 to energy storage DER that connect through a bidirectional power electronic converter and can export active power, and it adds guidance for storage that does not export but still influences the system. Clause 1.2 takes up the topics the base standard leaves incomplete: bidirectional electric vehicle charging, when storage falls inside or outside the scope, and the constraints of charging and generation. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.structure.commissioning | Clause 11.5 of IEEE 1547.9-2022 applies clause 8 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 in full to energy storage DER evaluations and commissioning, notes that safety makes storage commissioning more involved, and lists performance tests drawn from the ESIC guide that a commissioning plan may add (round-trip efficiency, available capacity, auxiliary load, charge duration, rated continuous power, and the response, rise and settling times), each recorded as a value with no acceptance criterion. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.structure.numbering-convention | Clause 1.4 of IEEE 1547.9-2022 explains its numbering convention: subclauses whose number and title duplicate those of IEEE 1547-2018 carry a bracketed suffix, and many of them state only that the base subclause applies to energy storage DER without further guidance. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.structure.ride-through-exceptions | Clauses 6.4.2 and 6.5.2.1 of IEEE 1547.9-2022 explain that the small-export ride-through exception of IEEE 1547-2018 is judged at the maximum exporting power point of a modulating energy storage DER, and that where a Category III unit is meant to go on serving its load through an unplanned transition to an island, the Area EPS operator and the DER operator may agree a momentary cessation response time that is longer than the value in the base standard's table. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.structure.stored-energy-measurement | Clause 4.4 of IEEE 1547.9-2022 addresses measurement of stored energy: the base standard IEEE 1547-2018 calls for operational state of charge to be reported without defining an accuracy for it, so the guide recommends minimum calculation resolutions and measurement windows for operational state of charge and operational capacity, lists optional operational model parameters, and explains that it sets no accuracy requirement because no ground truth exists against which to judge one. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.structure.test-and-verification | Clause 11 of IEEE 1547.9-2022 adapts test and verification to storage: the test environment respects the storage medium's thermal management and auxiliary systems, type testing may separate the storage medium from the converter using a dc source or battery simulator, discharge and charge tests are paired because state of charge drifts during long tests, and the guide recommends repeating the ride-through, enter service, current distortion and reactive power type tests at charging power levels. |
| std.ieee-1547-9.title | The front matter of IEEE 1547.9-2022 gives its full title as IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems. Value: IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems. |
IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-1547-1.definition.clearing-time | Annex A.2 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 defines clearing time as the interval from the start of the abnormal condition until the DER ceases to energize the Area EPS, made up of detection time, any adjustable delay, the interposing device operating and arcing time, and the interrupting device time. The trip time, which starts at the leading zero crossing in the first half cycle where the parameter is beyond its limit, can be either a part of the clearing time or equal to it; every normative requirement is expressed as a clearing time. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.designation | The document is designated IEEE Std 1547.1-2020 and is cited as IEEE 1547.1-2020. Value: IEEE 1547.1-2020. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.revision-of | IEEE 1547.1-2020 is a revision of IEEE 1547.1-2005. Value: 2020. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.scope | IEEE 1547.1-2020 sets out the test and verification procedures (type, production, interoperability, commissioning and periodic) used to show that distributed energy resource equipment conforms to IEEE 1547-2018. Clause 1.2 applies the procedures to every DER technology. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.annex-a | Annex A of IEEE 1547.1-2020 is normative and defines the test signals used by the type tests, including the meaning of clearing time, the step function used for the voltage trip tests and the rate-limited step used for the frequency trip tests. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.area-eps-operator-role | Clause 8.1.3.4.2 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 lets the Area EPS operator or the AGIR impose specific commissioning tests, witness them, or ask for a record of the tests that were run and their results, and treats commissioning as following completed type, production, design and installation steps. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.commissioning | Clause 8 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 covers DER evaluations and commissioning tests, the field procedure; a note in clause 4.1 explains that clauses 8 and 9 are deliberately less prescriptive than the type and production test clauses because installations and Area EPS operator practices vary. Clause 8.1 presents its procedures as recommendations, with the evaluations and tests actually run being those that the interconnection requirements of the Area EPS operator call for. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.compliance-classes | Clause 8.1.2 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 defines four compliance classes that decide how much verification remains for the field: a DER unit that is fully compliant alone, a DER system of units and supplemental devices type tested together, a partially compliant unit, and a DER composite built from partially compliant components and supplemental devices. The composite class needs a detailed design evaluation, an installation evaluation and commissioning tests confined to the requirements that its supplemental devices affect. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.data-formats | Clause 4.5.4 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 names the data formats for reported results: a secured PDF for written results, CSV files with a checksum for tabular results, and the COMTRADE or PQDIF formats for oscillographic data. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.design-evaluation-steps | Clause 8.1.4.1 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 lists the steps required for every DER verification: reviewing the owner's project requirements and the AGIR requirements, determining the reference point of applicability, confirming that the interconnection agreement is executed, verifying every setting against the Area EPS operator's requirements, verifying the operating modes and the abnormal and normal performance categories to be commissioned, checking the settings against the protection study, and listing the elements to be verified at commissioning. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.general-requirements | Clause 4 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 holds the general requirements shared by all of its tests: the accuracy and tolerance basis for judging performance, the statements the manufacturer must supply, the test source and measurement system requirements, and the content and format of test reports. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.interoperability-tests | Clause 6 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 holds the interoperability tests: a general procedure for adjustable settings, nameplate, configuration, monitoring and management information tests, and protocol mapping tests for SunSpec Modbus, IEEE 2030.5 and DNP3, each including read and write tests of the voltage trip and frequency trip settings. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.measurement-system | Clause 4.6.3 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 ties the measurement system's uncertainty to a fraction of the minimum required measurement accuracy of IEEE 1547-2018 Table 3, requires valid traceable calibration, sets the sampling rate relative to the highest frequency of interest, and defines applicable voltages as RMS values over the preceding fundamental period. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.no-field-tolerance | IEEE 1547.1-2020 gives no numeric pass band of its own for a trip magnitude or clearing time measured in the field: a type test passes when the unit trips inside the clearing time of IEEE 1547-2018 (clause 5.4.2.4), a production test passes when the unit trips inside the manufacturer's ranges (clause 7.2.3), and the commissioning test of clause 8.2.3.3 is judged against the limits and clearing-time tables of IEEE 1547-2018. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.periodic-tests | Clause 9 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 covers periodic tests, whose purpose is to confirm continued conformance using the clause 8 field methods as agreed. Re-verification is called for when firmware or software changes without being tested, when hardware is modified or replaced with parts that are not substitutes, when protection functions, operating modes or settings are adjusted after commissioning, and when power quality problems appear in the field; the clause names no test interval. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.production-tests | Clause 7 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 requires production tests on every unit, run at the factory or as part of commissioning, consisting as applicable of overvoltage, undervoltage, overfrequency and underfrequency trip tests at one set of trip points that the manufacturer specifies. A unit passes when it trips within the ranges the manufacturer specifies, and clause 7.4 lists the documentation to be available on request. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.settings-naming | Clause 4.5.5 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 defines a naming convention for reported parameters that joins the parameter name to a data context (technical range, evaluated range, specified range, specified settings or applied setting) and a data type, and Annex B supplies the normative results-reporting template that uses it. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.test-reports | Clause 4.5.3 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 applies its reporting requirements to type, production and commissioning tests; for installation evaluations and periodic tests, any format the parties agree on that meets clauses 8 and 9 is acceptable. The commissioning summary report, carrying the results and any recommended corrective actions, comes from a person or entity qualified to run or supervise the tests and goes to the Area EPS operator. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.test-source-by-agreement | Clause 4.6.1 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 recognizes that its full test source requirements may not be achievable for production and commissioning tests: the manufacturer and the testing laboratory agree acceptable source requirements for production tests, while for commissioning tests the Area EPS operator together with the DER operator (or a representative of either) agree them. Signal injection is permitted where a test allows it, and the report identifies the tests that used injection and the reason. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.type-tests | Clause 5 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 holds the type tests, covering temperature stability, voltage and frequency trip, ride-through, rate of change of frequency, phase-angle change, enter service, synchronization, interconnection integrity, dc injection, unintentional islanding, open phase, current distortion, active power limiting, voltage regulation modes, frequency droop, prioritization, overvoltage contribution, fault current and persistence of settings. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.verification-phases | Clause 4.1 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 orders the verification phases: type tests and interoperability tests run by a type testing laboratory on one or more samples, production tests on every unit or supplemental device, a design evaluation that decides which items still need on-site verification, then installation evaluations and commissioning tests carried out on site by qualified personnel, and periodic tests as agreed between the Area EPS operator and the DER operator. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.structure.verification-tables | Clause 8.1.4.2 of IEEE 1547.1-2020 selects one of four verification summary tables by compliance class and reference point: Table 72 for PoC units, Table 73 for PoC composites, Table 74 for PCC systems and Table 75 for PCC composites. Each table marks, for every applicable clause of IEEE 1547-2018, whether each design evaluation, installation evaluation and commissioning test is required, dependent on the design evaluation, or not required. |
| std.ieee-1547-1.title | The front matter of IEEE 1547.1-2020 gives its full title as IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces. Value: IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces. |
IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-1547.amendment-2020.annex-h | Beyond Table 13, IEEE 1547a-2020 substitutes a new informative Figure H.9 (the illustration of Category III voltage trip and ride-through behavior, redrawn for the widened ranges) and adds bibliography entries; it introduces no accuracy, tolerance or test criteria and imposes no transition date or re-setting obligation on existing Category III installations. |
| std.ieee-1547.amendment-2020.approved | The approval date of IEEE 1547a-2020 prints as 2020-03-09 on the title block of the licensed copy. The Standards Board membership statement in the same document prints 2020-03-05, a discrepancy that lies in the document itself. Value: 2020. |
| std.ieee-1547.amendment-2020.published | IEEE 1547a-2020 was published on 2020-04-15. Value: 2020. |
| std.ieee-1547.amendment-2020.scope | IEEE 1547a-2020, Amendment 1 to IEEE 1547-2018, makes a single normative change, to Table 13 in clause 6.4.1: the allowable clearing-time range of each of the two undervoltage trip functions for abnormal performance Category III is broadened so that an authority governing interconnection requirements can adopt that category without writing regional exceptions. Defaults, voltage thresholds, the overvoltage functions, Category I, Category II and the frequency tables are left as they were. |
| std.ieee-1547.amendment-2020.title | The licensed copy gives the full title of IEEE 1547a-2020 as IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces - Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adoption of Abnormal Operating Performance Category III. Value: IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces - Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adoption of Abnormal Operating Performance Category III. |
| std.ieee-1547.categories | IEEE 1547-2018 uses two independent sets of performance categories: normal performance Category A or Category B, which governs the reactive power and voltage regulation capability of clause 5, and abnormal performance Category I, Category II or Category III, which governs the voltage and frequency ride-through and trip requirements of clause 6. Annex B explains how the authority governing interconnection requirements assigns the categories and recommends which normal and abnormal categories are paired. |
| std.ieee-1547.category-nesting | Clause 1.4 and Annex B of IEEE 1547-2018 note that each higher-numbered abnormal performance category satisfies the ride-through demands of the categories below it, whereas the allowable trip ranges of different categories can exclude one another; a unit built to Category III but installed under a Category I specification therefore has to be held to the Category I settings range, for instance by a settings profile. |
| std.ieee-1547.cease-to-energize | Clause 4.5 of IEEE 1547-2018 sets the cease-to-energize state as one in which no active power is delivered at the point of DER connection and only a limited, passive exchange of reactive power remains; power may still be imported for housekeeping and auxiliary loads, and opening the connection of the whole local electric power system meets the requirement as well. |
| std.ieee-1547.der-definition | Footnote 2 to clause 1.2 of IEEE 1547-2018 applies the term DER equally to synchronous machines, to induction machines and to static inverter or converter sources. |
| std.ieee-1547.designation | The designation of the 2018 edition is IEEE 1547-2018, printed as IEEE Std 1547-2018 on the licensed copy. Value: IEEE 1547-2018. |
| std.ieee-1547.errata-2018 | A correction sheet for IEEE 1547-2018, dated 2018-06-04, substitutes a corrected Table 23 together with part of the accompanying variable list; its only substantive change is to the sign of one term in the high-frequency droop expression. Value: 2018 errata. |
| std.ieee-1547.frequency-droop | Clause 6.5.2.7 of IEEE 1547-2018 requires a frequency-droop response to high frequency from all three abnormal performance categories and to low frequency from Category II and Category III, with Table 24 giving the default and allowable deadband, droop and response time and Table 23 the droop expressions; inertial response is permitted but not required. |
| std.ieee-1547.frequency-ride-through | Clause 6.5.2 of IEEE 1547-2018 sets frequency ride-through regions with operating modes and minimum cumulative durations (Table 19), the level of active power a DER keeps delivering while riding through low frequency (Table 20), the rate of change of frequency to be ridden through per abnormal performance category (Table 21) and the phase angle jumps a DER must ride through. |
| std.ieee-1547.frequency-trip | Clause 6.5.1 and Table 18 of IEEE 1547-2018 set mandatory frequency tripping through two overfrequency functions and two underfrequency functions, with one set of defaults and allowable ranges shared by all three abnormal performance categories; the area electric power system operator specifies the settings after coordinating with the regional reliability coordinator, and the defaults apply where none are specified. |
| std.ieee-1547.isolation-device | Clause 4.8 and clause 4.9 of IEEE 1547-2018 require, where area electric power system practice calls for it, a readily accessible, lockable isolation device with a visible break between the area electric power system and the DER, and prohibit the DER from energizing a de-energized area electric power system except in an intentional island under clause 8.2. |
| std.ieee-1547.measurement-accuracy | Clause 4.4 and Table 3 of IEEE 1547-2018 state minimum steady-state and transient measurement accuracies, together with the measurement window and range, for voltage, frequency, active power, reactive power and time; these describe the measurement performance of the DER itself, not of any test instrument. |
| std.ieee-1547.no-field-tolerance | IEEE 1547-2018 specifies trip settings and maximum clearing times but offers neither a commissioning procedure nor an acceptance band of its own for a clearing time or trip magnitude observed in a test; clause 11 pairs each requirement with a verification method and leaves the procedures and pass criteria to the IEEE 1547.1 series. |
| std.ieee-1547.periodic-tests | Clause 11.2.6 of IEEE 1547-2018 leaves periodic test intervals to the manufacturer or integrator subject to approval by the authority governing interconnection requirements or the area electric power system operator, and calls for re-verification after firmware changes, hardware changes that are not like-for-like substitutions, and protection setting changes made after the factory test or after commissioning. |
| std.ieee-1547.prioritization | Clause 4.7 of IEEE 1547-2018 fixes the order of precedence among DER functions, from the disable permit service command through tripping, ride-through, the volt-watt and frequency-droop functions and the active power limit down to the voltage regulation functions of clause 5.3, and sets a rule for which of ride-through and trip governs when a clearing time is set close to a ride-through boundary. |
| std.ieee-1547.revision-of | IEEE 1547-2018 is a revision of IEEE 1547-2003. Value: 2018. |
| std.ieee-1547.rpa | Clause 4.2 of IEEE 1547-2018 makes the point of common coupling the default reference point of applicability; the point of DER connection, or an agreed point between the two, may take that role where zero-sequence continuity between the two points is kept and the aggregate DER rating or the local load satisfies conditions the clause states. |
| std.ieee-1547.scope | IEEE 1547-2018 lays down the criteria and requirements under which distributed energy resources (DER) are interconnected with, and interoperate with, electric power systems; it reaches every DER technology connected at the usual primary or secondary distribution voltages, with radial distribution circuits as its main emphasis. Its performance requirements take effect when the DER is interconnected and continue to apply for the whole time the DER stays in service. |
| std.ieee-1547.scope.aggregate-rating | Under clause 1.4 of IEEE 1547-2018 the standard is applied to the combined nameplate rating of every DER unit inside the local electric power system, and supplemental DER devices, which need not sit alongside the units, may be used to satisfy a requirement at the reference point. |
| std.ieee-1547.scope.exclusions | Clause 1.4 of IEEE 1547-2018 declares the standard unsuited, in whole or in part, to resources that connect to transmission or to networked sub-transmission systems, and states that it neither fixes a ceiling on DER capacity at a point of common coupling, nor prescribes DER self-protection beyond the requirements it already contains, nor addresses how the area electric power system is planned or operated. |
| std.ieee-1547.settings-adjustable | Clause 6.1 of IEEE 1547-2018 requires every adjustable abnormal-condition parameter to be field adjustable, and states that the applied trip settings are those the area electric power system operator specifies, with the defaults of the standard applying only where the operator specifies nothing. |
| std.ieee-1547.sponsor | IEEE 1547-2018 was developed by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.abnormal | Clause 6 of IEEE 1547-2018 covers the DER response to abnormal conditions on the area electric power system: faults and open-phase conditions, reclosing coordination, mandatory voltage tripping and voltage ride-through, mandatory frequency tripping and frequency ride-through, frequency droop and return to service; every requirement is met at the reference point of applicability using the applicable voltages. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.interoperability | Clause 10 of IEEE 1547-2018 sets the interoperability requirements: the nameplate information of Table 28, which includes the normal and abnormal performance categories, the monitoring information of Table 29, and the readable and writable settings such as the voltage and frequency trip curve points and the droop parameters. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.islanding | Clause 8 of IEEE 1547-2018 obliges a DER to recognize an unintentional island and then to cease to energize and to trip within a time limit the clause states, which mutual agreement may extend; relying on voltage and frequency trips alone is noted as insufficient for detection. The clause also fixes the settings that apply only while an intentional area electric power system island exists and names the DER island categories. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.power-quality | Clause 7 of IEEE 1547-2018 limits the power quality impact of DER, at the reference point of applicability or the point of common coupling as each subclause states: direct current injection, rapid voltage changes, flicker (Table 25), harmonic current distortion by harmonic order (Table 26 and Table 27, which differ from the tables of IEEE 519) and overvoltage contribution; the harmonic measurement methodology follows IEEE 519. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.reactive-power | Clause 5 of IEEE 1547-2018 sets the reactive power capability of DER (Table 7) and the voltage and reactive power control modes: constant power factor, voltage-reactive power, constant reactive power, active power-reactive power and voltage-active power, with Table 6 stating which modes are mandatory for normal performance Category A and Category B. |
| std.ieee-1547.structure.verification | Clause 11 of IEEE 1547-2018 states that every requirement is verified by the procedures of the companion IEEE 1547.1 conformance test standard with the results formally documented, and distinguishes type tests, production tests, DER evaluation (a design evaluation plus an as-built installation evaluation), commissioning tests and periodic tests. |
| std.ieee-1547.synchronization | Clause 4.10.4 and Table 5 of IEEE 1547-2018 limit the voltage step that paralleling may cause at the point of common coupling and set maximum frequency, voltage and phase angle differences at the moment of paralleling for DER that produce a fundamental voltage before connecting, with the limits tiered by aggregate DER rating. |
| std.ieee-1547.title | The licensed copy gives the full title of IEEE 1547-2018 as IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Value: IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. |
| std.ieee-1547.verification-matrix | Clause 11.3 of IEEE 1547-2018 maps each requirement to its verification methods in Table 43 (reference point of applicability at the point of common coupling) and Table 44 (at the point of DER connection), marking for each compliance class whether a type test, a DER evaluation and a commissioning test is required, not required, limited or dependent on the design evaluation. |
| std.ieee-1547.voltage-ride-through | Clause 6.4.2 of IEEE 1547-2018 divides the voltage range into regions, each with an operating mode (continuous operation, mandatory operation, permissive operation, momentary cessation or cease to energize) and a minimum ride-through time, laid out per abnormal performance category in Table 14, Table 15 and Table 16; clause 6.4.2.1 exempts installations whose export or load shedding meets the conditions it states. |
| std.ieee-1547.voltage-trip | Clause 6.4.1 of IEEE 1547-2018 sets mandatory voltage tripping through two overvoltage functions and two undervoltage functions that act simultaneously, each with a default voltage, a default clearing time and a range of allowable settings given per abnormal performance category in Table 11, Table 12 and Table 13. |
| std.ieee-1547.voltage-trip-range-rule | Clause 6.4.1 of IEEE 1547-2018 explains how its ranges of allowable settings are to be read: within every clearing-time range and within the overvoltage ranges the lower bound may never be undercut while the upper bound may be exceeded, whereas within the undervoltage ranges it is the upper bound that may never be exceeded; a setting beyond a range is tolerated solely to protect equipment and may not conflict with the ride-through requirements of clause 6.4.2. |
IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems
| Record | Statement |
|---|---|
| std.ieee-2800.approved | The IEEE SA Standards Board approved IEEE 2800-2022 on 2022-02-09. Value: 2022. |
| std.ieee-2800.definition.operating-regions | In the clause 3.1 definitions of IEEE 2800-2022 the continuous, mandatory and permissive operation regions are adapted from IEEE 1547-2018; the behavior that IEEE 1547-2018 calls momentary cessation is termed current blocking here, and a unit in the permissive region may ride through either by staying in mandatory operation or by current blocking. |
| std.ieee-2800.definition.ratings | Clause 3.1 of IEEE 2800-2022 defines the continuous rating of an inverter-based resource as the steady-state active power rating registered with the transmission system operator, on which most capability requirements are expressed, alongside a short-term rating that may temporarily exceed it and a continuous absorption rating for energy storage. |
| std.ieee-2800.definition.reference-point-of-applicability | Clause 4.2.1 of IEEE 2800-2022 makes the point of measurement the default reference point of applicability for plant-level requirements; the transmission system owner or operator can relocate it, the point of interconnection being one example, while unit-level requirements use the point of connection. |
| std.ieee-2800.definition.wind-turbine-generator | Clause 3.1 of IEEE 2800-2022 counts only wind turbine generators that use power electronics as inverter-based resources, namely the doubly-fed type III and the full-converter type IV configurations; type I, type II and type V machines are not inverter-based resources under the standard. |
| std.ieee-2800.designation | IEEE 2800-2022 is the designation of the IEEE standard on the interconnection and interoperability of inverter-based resources with associated transmission electric power systems. Value: IEEE 2800-2022. |
| std.ieee-2800.scope | IEEE 2800-2022 sets the interconnection capability and performance requirements for inverter-based resource plants connected to transmission and sub-transmission systems, covering ride-through of abnormal voltage and frequency, control of active and reactive power, dynamic support during abnormal frequency and voltage, system protection, injection of negative-sequence current and power quality. Clause 1.2 also applies the standard to an isolated resource connected through a dedicated voltage-source-converter HVDC facility, treating the resource and the HVDC facility together as the plant. |
| std.ieee-2800.scope.applicability | Clause 1.4 of IEEE 2800-2022 applies the standard to every inverter-based resource technology at transmission and sub-transmission voltage levels, meshed or radial. Where a radial sub-transmission connection falls under both this standard and IEEE 1547-2018, an overlap the standard accepts deliberately, the authority governing interconnection requirements chooses which of the two applies. |
| std.ieee-2800.scope.exclusions | Clause 1.4 of IEEE 2800-2022 leaves several matters outside the standard: it sets no voltage-level or plant-size threshold for applicability, it neither defines a maximum resource capacity at a point of interconnection nor specifies interconnection studies, single-phase open conditions and single-pole tripping are not covered, and the non-inverter portion of a hybrid plant and environmental design-basis conditions are excluded. |
| std.ieee-2800.scope.plant-level | Clause 1.4 of IEEE 2800-2022 applies its requirements to the inverter-based resource plant as a whole rather than to the individual equipment within it, and distinguishes a capability requirement, which must be ready to enable, from a performance requirement, which governs behavior while a function is executing; whether a function is enabled in service is outside the standard. |
| std.ieee-2800.scope.resource-types | In IEEE 2800-2022 an inverter-based resource means a solar photovoltaic, wind or energy storage plant or a combination of them; clause 1.2 excludes flexible ac transmission system devices, synchronous condensers and synchronous generator plants. |
| std.ieee-2800.sponsor | Three committees of the IEEE Power and Energy Society developed IEEE 2800-2022: the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, the Electric Machinery Committee and the Power System Relaying and Control Committee. |
| std.ieee-2800.status | IEEE 2800-2022 is the first edition of IEEE 2800 and is a standard written with mandatory language, rather than a guide or a recommended practice. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.active-power-frequency | Clause 6 of IEEE 2800-2022 covers active power and frequency response: clause 6.1 requires primary frequency response in both directions on separately settable droop characteristics, with parameters in Table 7 and dynamic performance in Table 8, and clause 6.2 requires fast frequency response capability that is not enabled by default, with a wind-specific variant in clause 6.2.3 and further variants in informative Annex K. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.control-modes | Clause 5.2 of IEEE 2800-2022 defines three mutually exclusive reactive power control modes, voltage control, power factor control and reactive power set point control, with voltage control as the default unless the transmission system operator directs otherwise; Table 5 states the performance targets for voltage control, and each mode carries a steady-state band and a minimum damping requirement. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.current-injection | Clause 7.2.2.3 of IEEE 2800-2022 governs unit behavior during ride-through at the point of connection: reactive current priority is the default, units inject negative-sequence current during unbalanced faults, the magnitude of incremental reactive current is intentionally left to the transmission system owner, and Table 13 states the response time, settling time and settling band for the unit's current response. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.enter-service | Clause 4.10 of IEEE 2800-2022 defines the conditions for entering service where the transmission system operator has not specified its own practice: Table 3 lists a permit-service setting and windows of applicable voltage and frequency, with defaults set by the transmission system operator, and clause 4.10.3 shapes the active power ramp that follows; under clause 7.4 a plant returning to service after a trip meets the same criteria. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.frequency-ride-through | Clause 7.3.2 of IEEE 2800-2022 defines frequency ride-through through Table 15, a continuous operation region and a mandatory operation region bounded by stated frequency offsets with a cumulative minimum time, and adds ride-through of a stated rate of change of frequency in clause 7.3.2.3.5 and of positive-sequence phase angle jumps in clause 7.3.2.4. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.measurement-accuracy | Clause 4.4 of IEEE 2800-2022 sets minimum accuracies, in Table 1 for the steady-state time frame and Table 2 for the transient time frame, for the plant measurements retained under clause 11; these are accuracies of the plant's own recording and control measurements, not of test instruments, and the standard states no accuracy for the quantities that drive control performance. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.measurement-data | Clause 11 of IEEE 2800-2022 specifies the measurement data a plant retains and makes available to the transmission system owner, listed in Table 19: plant supervisory control data, equipment status, unit settings, sequence of events, digital fault and dynamic disturbance recordings, inverter fault codes and power quality records, all time-synchronized to coordinated universal time, with the waveform and power quality recordings held in the COMTRADE and PQDIF formats. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.modeling-data | Clause 10 of IEEE 2800-2022 requires the plant owner to provide, on request, verified plant-level models for power flow, positive-sequence stability, electromagnetic transient, short-circuit and harmonic studies, with their verification documentation and a narrative of the control strategy, and to update them after agreed control modifications and after mismatches with recorded events; Annex G lists the data. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.no-trip-settings | IEEE 2800-2022 specifies no mandatory voltage or frequency trip settings: clause 7.2.1 and clause 7.3.1 leave tripping to whatever protection clause 9 permits, and clause 9 only constrains that protection so that it does not defeat the ride-through requirements. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.power-quality | Clause 8 of IEEE 2800-2022 covers power quality at the point of measurement: rapid voltage changes in clause 8.1.2, flicker in clause 8.1.3 with Table 16, harmonic current distortion in clause 8.2.1 with Table 17 and Table 18, harmonic voltage in clause 8.2.2, for which the standard sets no limit values, and overvoltage caused by the plant in clause 8.3. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.protection | Clause 9 of IEEE 2800-2022 does not itself require frequency protection, rate-of-change-of-frequency protection, overcurrent protection on each item of equipment, or unintentional islanding protection; any such protection that is applied must leave the plant able to meet its ride-through requirements and must be coordinated with the transmission system's protection and its load-shedding schemes. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.reactive-power | Clause 5.1 of IEEE 2800-2022 requires a minimum dynamic reactive power capability, injecting and absorbing, at the reference point of applicability, expressed on the continuous rating and required across the active power range including zero output, with stated exceptions for plants of type III wind turbines and for ac-connected offshore plants; Figure 8 with Table 4 gives the dependence of that capability on voltage. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.transient-overvoltage | Clause 7.2.3 of IEEE 2800-2022 states transient overvoltage ride-through in Table 14 as minimum cumulative durations by band of instantaneous voltage, referenced to the nominal instantaneous peak at the reference point of applicability, and requires surge protection at the reference point and inside the plant above the highest band. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.verification | Clause 12 of IEEE 2800-2022 states which verification methods apply to each requirement and when, requires the results to be formally documented, and defers the test procedures and pass or fail criteria to a separate recommended practice on test and verification, IEEE 2800.2. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.verification-matrix | Table 20 of IEEE 2800-2022, in clause 12.3, maps each requirement to the verification methods that are required, not required, dependent on the design evaluation or not applicable; voltage, transient overvoltage and frequency ride-through are not verified by commissioning tests but by unit type tests, the design evaluation and post-commissioning monitoring. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.verification-methods | Clause 12.2 of IEEE 2800-2022 defines eight verification methods: type tests on representative units, a design evaluation by modeling and simulation, an as-built installation evaluation on site, commissioning tests, model validation and monitoring after commissioning, periodic tests, and periodic verification after substantial changes. |
| std.ieee-2800.structure.voltage-ride-through | Clause 7.2.2.1 of IEEE 2800-2022 states voltage ride-through as minimum cumulative durations by voltage band, in Table 11 for plants whose auxiliary equipment limits ride-through and in Table 12 for plants without such equipment; the design evaluation of clause 12 decides which of the two tables a plant follows, the durations are design criteria rather than field test criteria, and the point of measurement is the default reference point. |
| std.ieee-2800.title | The front matter of IEEE 2800-2022 gives its full title as IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems. Value: IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems. |